If a judge wants to depart from the federal sentencing guidelines, he or she must justify that departure in writing. The presentence investigation serves as the basis for sentencing and has a significant influence on whether the convicted defendant will be granted community release or sentenced to secure confinement. /Parent 2 0 R Which goal of sentencing centers upon the purpose of having the offender make amends to the victim or to society for the harms that his or her criminal act has caused? endobj /Resources << /F3 25 0 R A Natural Experiment Study of the Effects of Imprisonment on Violence in The Community, Centering Health in Designing NYCs New Borough Jails, Opioid Settlement Funds Must Be Used To Tackle Maines Addiction Crisis, A Better Way Forward for the Women at Mass. /BM /Normal Under mandatory minimum sentencing policies, the legislature may prohibit defendants convicted of certain violent crimes from being placed on probation. >> /F3 25 0 R Under the medical model, the prison would become an analogue to the hospital. /F6 48 0 R /Tabs /S %PDF-1.6
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One trend during the 1980s was the increase in secure confinement of drug offenders. >> These offenders are still locked up because it is widely assumed that imprisonment makes communities safer and deters offenders from committing additional violent offenses after release. endobj Over time, chronic hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infections can progress to advanced liver disease, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. /F1 23 0 R 742 0 R 743 0 R] /Name /F2 85 0 R 86 0 R 87 0 R 88 0 R 89 0 R 90 0 R 91 0 R 92 0 R 93 0 R 745 0 R If the statement is true, explain why. /Type /Page << /Contents 49 0 R /DescendantFonts [771 0 R] 408 0 R 409 0 R 410 0 R 411 0 R 412 0 R 413 0 R 414 0 R 415 0 R 416 0 R 417 0 R /ParentTreeNextKey 15 Criminal forfeiture can occur only after: What is considered to be one of the most important drives toward professionalism in the American. Each year, judges transfer dozens of children under 14 to adult court. Many kids who are transferred to adult court for criminal prosecution are automatically placed in adult jails and prisons.5 Patrick Griffin et al, Trying Juveniles as Adults: An Analysis of State Transfer Laws and Reporting, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (Sept. 2011). D) serving short sentences /Font << Programmed contact services, GPS, Field monitoring devices (all of these), Selling,General,andAdministrativeExpenses, John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine, Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management, Anderson's Business Law and the Legal Environment, Comprehensive Volume, David Twomey, Marianne Jennings, Stephanie Greene, Service Management: Operations, Strategy, and Information Technology, Exam 1 evolution homeostasis nutrition and di. endobj endobj Pay back victims, justice system, and society (all of these). >> True b. 26 0 obj 735 0 R 736 0 R 737 0 R 738 0 R 739 0 R 740 0 R 741 0 R 742 0 R 743 0 R] That ban allowed EJI to focus on some 3000 people who were sentenced to life imprisonment without parole for offenses committed when they were 17 or younger. << 98 0 R 99 0 R 100 0 R 101 0 R 102 0 R 103 0 R 104 0 R 105 0 R 106 0 R 107 0 R 273 0 R 274 0 R 275 0 R 276 0 R 277 0 R 278 0 R 279 0 R 280 0 R 281 0 R 282 0 R u]5&T07CTG{)DJ(/\:jSj-RMHgYw{X>eOI FLm|IgPtHN9Wo3x%7RzJ0XNXuH6xZ-0#".x7FLu87zw/5?{?y-?l[mhFbZ`Mz/eheLhk"[rh,yDM 1*
8 [502 0 R 503 0 R 504 0 R 505 0 R 506 0 R 507 0 R 508 0 R 509 0 R 510 0 R 511 0 R 27 0 obj /S /Transparency /Filter /FlateDecode /Type /Group 763 0 R 693 0 R 694 0 R 695 0 R 696 0 R 697 0 R 698 0 R 764 0 R 706 0 R 707 0 R 88 0 R 89 0 R 90 0 R 91 0 R 92 0 R 93 0 R 94 0 R 95 0 R 96 0 R 97 0 R /P 3 0 R HW]o|_wv=" ,2`M*2DQ&)8XA? Which term is used to describe the conduct, aims, or qualities that characterize or make a profession? >> b. SeaBreeze included financial income of$25,800 as part of Revenues, and financial expenses of $12,000 as part of Cost of Sales. Specialized courts differ from traditional courts in that they focus on one type of offender or offense, and because of their rehabilitative focus, tend to use which type of sentencing approach? >> 485 0 R 486 0 R 487 0 R 488 0 R 489 0 R 490 0 R 491 0 R 492 0 R 493 0 R 494 0 R Before the Supreme Court banned the death penalty for juveniles in 2005, 366 people were executed for juvenile offenses.1 Victor L. Streib, The Juvenile Death Penalty Today: Death Sentences and Executions for Juvenile Crimes, January 1, 1973 February 28, 2005, Death Penalty Information Center (Oct. 7, 2005). << /GS16 34 0 R 708 0 R 709 0 R 710 0 R 711 0 R 765 0 R 766 0 R 716 0 R 717 0 R 718 0 R 719 0 R /Footer /Sect 176 0 R 177 0 R 178 0 R 179 0 R 180 0 R 181 0 R 182 0 R 183 0 R 184 0 R 185 0 R 418 0 R 419 0 R 420 0 R 421 0 R 422 0 R 423 0 R 424 0 R 425 0 R 426 0 R 427 0 R 36 0 obj /F1 23 0 R Which goal of punishment is designed to prevent others from committing similar crimes? /F3 25 0 R /CS /DeviceRGB National Prison Rape Elimination Commission Report, Easy Access to Juvenile Court Statistics, Delinquency Cases Waived 2008-2017. >> endobj /MarkInfo << Explore our library and get Criminal Justice Homework Help with various study sets and a huge amount of quizzes and questions, Find all the solutions to your textbooks, reveal answers you wouldt find elsewhere, Scan any paper and upload it to find exam solutions and many more, Studying is made a lot easier and more fun with our online flashcards, Try out our new practice tests completely, 2020-2023 Quizplus LLC. 548 0 R 549 0 R 550 0 R 551 0 R 552 0 R 553 0 R 554 0 R 555 0 R 556 0 R 557 0 R /Pages 2 0 R A program to divert drug abusers from the criminal justice system into specialized support services is known as: Recidivism rises as probation caseload size _. /BaseFont /Times#20New#20Roman Federal and state sentencing guidelines were created to limit prosecutorial discretion so that people committing similar crimes received similar terms of incarceration. << in these factors. >> Rules on appropriateness of conduct, settles questions of evidence, guides questioning of witnesses (All of these). Which federal law authorized funding for additional state prisons and jails in order to ensure that convicted offenders serve a large portion of their sentence? 588 0 R 589 0 R 590 0 R 591 0 R 592 0 R 593 0 R 594 0 R 595 0 R 596 0 R 597 0 R Kids low social status compared to adult interrogators, beliefs about the need to obey authority, greater dependence on adults, and vulnerability to intimidation makes them uniquely susceptible to coercive psychological interrogation techniques designed for adults, leading to false confessions and undermining the reliability of the fact-finding process. /Resources << /Producer Unlike other forms, more than 80% of hepatitis C infections become chronic and lead to liver disease. Children as young as eight have been prosecuted as adults. b. paying for their crimes . endstream
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Beccaria and Bentham both believed that the goal of punishment should be deterrence, not revenge. In 2012, the Court in Miller v. Alabama struck down mandatory life-without-parole sentences for all children 17 or younger. Some states allow children to be prosecuted as adults at 10, 12, or 13 years old. /Type /Group /LastChar 116 Study guide uploaded on Feb 16, 2021. endobj What is considered to be one of the most important drives toward professionalism in the American corrections systemth? 75 0 R 76 0 R 77 0 R 78 0 R 79 0 R 80 0 R 81 0 R 82 0 R 83 0 R 84 0 R /Length 95 Every state in America has capacity to house juveniles separate from adults but many refuse to do so. >> 0 0 0 0 0 500 0 0 0 444 560 0 R 561 0 R 562 0 R 563 0 R 564 0 R 565 0 R 566 0 R 567 0 R 568 0 R 569 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode endobj ~S6#^fs7{SB}tC:yr:f2LyoO3Y:E4nS2(3/%GZD6FN5n]LUwOL(u' The lowest end of the continuum of intermediate sanctions is: Monetary sanctions, better known as ___________, can be traced back to the early common-law practice of requiring that compensation be paid to the victim and the state for criminal acts. a. MARR has no bearing on engineering projects. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] Discuss the validity of each statement. /F1 23 0 R >> 568 0 R 569 0 R 570 0 R 571 0 R 572 0 R 573 0 R 574 0 R 575 0 R 576 0 R 577 0 R The ruling affected thousands of people whose sentencers did not consider their age, the details of the offense, or any other mitigating factors. /Group << 29 0 obj >> /F3 25 0 R /Group << During the Middle Ages, those labeled as vagrants, beggars, and delinquents could be forced to work in___________________ for the purposes of punishment and discipline. endobj 7 0 obj TASC, or Team-administered sexual comprehension, programs, are aimed at treating sexual predators for reintegration back into society. It is appropriate for judges to consider a defendant's race in making their sentencing decision. 166 0 R 167 0 R 168 0 R 169 0 R 170 0 R 171 0 R 172 0 R 173 0 R 174 0 R 175 0 R /Rect [0.0 0.0 595.27563 841.8898] 308 0 R 309 0 R 310 0 R 311 0 R 312 0 R 313 0 R 314 0 R 315 0 R 316 0 R 317 0 R 2020-2023 Quizplus LLC. The purpose of fines is to equalize the financial impact of sentences of offenders. 416 0 R 417 0 R 418 0 R 419 0 R 420 0 R 421 0 R 422 0 R 423 0 R] After decades of imprisoning more and more people, U.S. policymakers have recently started focusing on alternative punishments - and shorter sentences for many non-violent offenders have reduced the numbers of prisoners. 428 0 R 429 0 R 430 0 R 431 0 R 432 0 R 433 0 R 434 0 R 435 0 R 436 0 R 437 0 R /FirstChar 32 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] 570 0 R 571 0 R 572 0 R 573 0 R 574 0 R 575 0 R 576 0 R 577 0 R 578 0 R 579 0 R ;yT:=@29/%$ 3 [233 0 R 234 0 R 235 0 R 236 0 R 237 0 R 238 0 R 239 0 R 240 0 R 241 0 R 242 0 R 108 0 R 109 0 R 110 0 R 111 0 R 112 0 R 113 0 R 114 0 R 115 0 R 116 0 R] !z+'aZS
vDq+|E"rs`9r;C"p TVxhY,Z\_A@h5"J%x8KP-eI$caRr/&$ /StructParents 10 /CS /DeviceRGB /Group << /A 774 0 R hmO8?:qc;NH+]V"=]uJ.;Mp"7o"LZ1!U|&|*V4QDym /Contents 40 0 R /F1 23 0 R /StructParents 14 Substantial savings will flow from shrinking prison populations, especially if effective alternatives are found those convicted of the least serious violent offenses. 8 0 obj >> << The practice that permits convicted offenders to remain free if they agreed to take care of their debt obligation with the state is referred to as: In the United States, the practice of probation began in 1841 in Boston due to the work of: A sentence delaying conviction on a guilty plea until after probation is served is a: Suspending the remainder of a sentence after serving a period of time in prison is: Which of the following is NOT a goal of diversion today? /Filter /FlateDecode /Parent 2 0 R Community based interventions can do more than imprisonment to keep communities safe, and at much lower cost. << 500 500 500 500 500 500 278 0 0 0 697 0 R 698 0 R 699 0 R 700 0 R 701 0 R 702 0 R 703 0 R 704 0 R 705 0 R 706 0 R 512 0 R 513 0 R 514 0 R 515 0 R 516 0 R 517 0 R 518 0 R 519 0 R 520 0 R 521 0 R 593 0 R 594 0 R 595 0 R 596 0 R 597 0 R 598 0 R 599 0 R 600 0 R 601 0 R 602 0 R /Font << /Font << Children as young as 13 were among those condemned to die in prison. /Resources << Prosecutors charge other young kids directly in adult court. /Header /Sect /Chart /Sect Thousands of young people have been assaulted, raped, and traumatized as a result.6 National Prison Rape Elimination Commission, National Prison Rape Elimination Commission Report (2009). Which was the first institution to pay wages to prisoners as a reward for diligence and productivity? Most Americans dont know that an eight-year-old can be prosecuted as an adult, held in an adult jail or prison, and sentenced to die in prison.
currently public outrage dictates that offenders should suffer by